学生受害者辩护律师

谁是受害者?

A victim is a person who suffers direct or threatened physical, emotional or financial harm as a result of an act by someone else, 这是一种犯罪.

受害类型

不正当的性行为 是否是一个总括性术语，包括任何因武力、恐惧或精神或身体丧失行为能力而进行的未经双方同意的性行为, including through the use of alcohol or drugs. 性行为不端的严重程度各不相同，包括一系列行为, 包括强奸, statutory rape (sexual contact with a person under 18 years old), 性接触, 性剥削, 性骚扰, 以及暗示企图实施上述任何行为的行为.

Engaging in any sexual activity, clear 同意 必须给予.

强奸

• 强奸 is the sexual penetration (however slight) of the victim’s vagina, 口, 或未经同意的直肠.
• 强奸涉及插入:
  • (a) the use of force/fear or the threat of force/fear; or
  • (b) with a person who is otherwise incapable of giving 同意, 包括个人受到酒精或毒品影响的情况，被告已经或应该合理地知道这种情况.

性接触

• 性接触, 也被称为性暴力, 与另一个人的亲密身体部位(穿衣服或不穿衣服)进行不必要的和性侵犯的接触的行为是否存在, which causes immediate apprehension that sexual touch will occur.
• 私密的身体部位包括任何人的性器官、肛门、腹股沟、乳房或臀部. 性接触包括被告人与无法给予同意的人进行所描述的接触的情况.

性剥削

• Sexual exploitation is the taking advantage of a non-同意ing person or situation for personal benefit or gratification or for the benefit of anyone other than the alleged victim; and the behavior does not constitute rape, 性接触或性骚扰. Sexual exploitation includes, but is not limited to:
  • 未经同意对性行为进行拍照、录音、录像的;
  • 未经参与者同意传播图像或录音;
  • 在伴侣不知情或不同意的情况下允许他人观察性活动;
  • 偷窥癖;
  • 故意将性传播感染或艾滋病毒传染给另一名学生;
  • Prostituting another person; and/or 
  • 向另一名学生提供酒精或其他药物，目的是使他们无法表示同意.

性骚扰

• 性骚扰是任何不受欢迎的性行为或行为，造成恐吓, hostile or offensive working or educational environment. A comprehensive list of prohibited behaviors can be found in the 老虎的传说.

跟踪

• 禁止跟踪.
• 这是任性的, 对某人的恶意和反复的跟踪或对他人的骚扰行为, putting the person in reasonable fear for his or her personal safety, 或者他或她家人的安全.
  • This includes use of notes, mail, gifts, communication technology (e.g. 语音信箱, 短信, 互联网和社交网站-使用任何电子或电信也被称为网络跟踪)骚扰或传达威胁. 在某些情况下，这种罪行也可能被视为一种性行为不端.

物理攻击/电池

• Physical assault or battery is prohibited. 它是指违背他人意愿触摸或殴打他人，或以暴力相威胁.

Dating/Relationship/Domestic Violence

• Dating/Relationship/Domestic Violence is prohibited.
• This type of violence may be emotional, 口头, physical and/or sexual abuse by an intimate partner, family members or parties in a dating relationship.

盗窃

• 盗窃是非法和未经授权的移动任何个人财产为自己使用.

伤害威胁

• 传递威胁, 结果就是, 或者可能导致, harm to any person by willful and deliberate means is prohibited.

其他类型的犯罪，请致电209与公共安全部联系.946.2537.

Many crimes involve the use of force or violence against victims. Victims of crime may experience many physical, 认知, and emotional reactions as a result of the victimization. Reactions to trauma vary from person to person and can last for hours, 天, 周, 个月, 甚至是几年. Every victim's reaction will be different, 重要的是，不要把他们的反应或缺乏反应作为判断创伤影响的偏见. 

以下是受害者可能经历的一些最常见的反应.

物理的反应:

• 头痛
• Stress related illnesses, such as nausea, diarrhea, and hives
• 做噩梦或睡眠困难
• 多动
• 嗜睡
• 食欲的变化
• 降低免疫力
• 酒精和药物依赖

认知反应

• 学术水平下降
• 健忘
• 无法集中注意力
• 博彩平台网址大全排名的记忆丢失
• 博彩平台网址大全排名的倒叙

情绪反应

• 愤怒或愤怒
• 恐怖
• 羞愧
• 内疚
• 悲伤
• 焦虑
• 抑郁症
• 情绪波动
• 情感麻木
• 不合群
• 无助感

These reactions are considered normal after experiencing a traumatic event. T在这里 are many other reactions that are not listed.

You do not have to go through the healing process alone. If you are experiencing any of these reactions, seek help from 咨询服务 (209.946.2315 x2).

防止受害

We can all be victims of crime, but we can protect ourselves as well. 只需要几秒钟, but even you can become the victim of a crime, which can leave you feeling vulnerable, 困惑, 身体受伤, 和/或精神上受到创伤. 

降低风险

犯罪几乎可以发生在任何地方，任何时间，任何人身上. 而刑事司法系统则通过警察巡逻在防止受害方面发挥作用, 邻里守望计划, 公众媒体宣传活动, and community anti-gang violence programs, you are also a good resource for protecting yourself.

保护你的生活空间 & 车

Here are a few tips to stay safe at home and in your car, as well as protect your valuables in these places:

• Don't open the door for people unless you are expecting them.
• 如果窗户很容易从外面进入，就不要开着窗户睡觉.
• 如果可能的话, 在前门和后门安装安全摄像头，监控房子周围的活动.
• 如果可能的话, 安装一个报警系统，在院子里放一个标志，表明房子被监控.
• Ensure that your entryways are well lit; consider using sensor lights that are activated by movement.
• 在门上开偷窥孔，这样你不用开门就能看到外面.
• Lock doors and windows when you leave the house.
• Leave lights on when you are not home; set timers on lights if you will be gone for extended periods of time.
• 如果你住在公寓大楼里，除非你认识并期待他们，否则不要让别人进来.
• Don't investigate loud noises (such as breaking glass) yourself; call the police to have them investigate.
• Avoid using your full name on your mailbox.
• 车ry a hand-held flashlight with you to navigate dark hallways.
• Lock car doors and keep valuables out of your vehicle.
• When driving, make sure doors are locked, especially at stoplights.
• 如果有人撞了你的车，把车停到一个安全的地方评估损失，并随身携带钥匙.

Protecting Yourself Against Sexual Assault

不幸的是, most sexual assaults are perpetrated by an attacker the victim knows, 包括朋友, 亲戚, 权威人物, such as professors or work supervisors. The best way to protect yourself is to use your head. 是自信的. Make sure you communicate your desires and limits clearly.

• You always have the right to set sexual limits in any relationship.
• Be wary of behavior that makes you feel uncomfortable.
• 相信你的直觉.
  • If the behavior persists, leave and make sure you are not followed.
    • If you are followed, go to a public area.
  • If you feel you cannot comfortably leave, 提醒你信任的人注意这个情况，并让他们注意你.
• 避免过度使用酒精和其他药物的情况下，你不知道和信任每个人.
• Never accept drinks from anyone unless you see them being poured.
• 注意你周围的环境. Do not assume that you are always safe.
• 尽可能改变你的日常生活.
• 晚上尽量不要一个人走. 如有必要，请在光线充足的地方行走. Walk at a steady pace and look confident.
  • If you are on campus, you can call for an escort from Public 安全.
• Use the buddy system when going to parties.
• 如果你有危险, 尖叫, 制造噪音, 吹口哨, or create any other commotion you can think of.
• Recognize when someone is too far under the influence to give 同意.
• It is 从来没有 too late for someone to change their mind or say "no"; respect their right to do so.
• 一个人的衣着或行为从来都不等同于连贯的、口头的表达.
• 在采取任何不必要或不受欢迎的行动之前，一定要征得许可.
• If you feel you are too far under the influence to control your actions, 把自己从这种情况中移开.
• 酒精和/或毒品的影响 从来没有 性侵犯或强奸的借口.